The reproductive tract microbiome plays a pivotal role in female fertility, with Lactobacillus-dominated communities maintaining a protective, low-pH environment. Dysbiosis-characterized by a reduction in Lactobacillus species and overgrowth of anaerobes-is …
From an immunological perspective, infertility mechanisms encompass not only fertilization but also implantation, as well as both early and late pregnancy loss. Growing attention is being directed towards the influence …
The immunology of fertilization, implantation and pregnancy is based on a complex balance between maternal immune tolerance and a controlled inflammatory response. Adaptation of the maternal immune system is essential …
Endometriosis, chronic endometritis (CE), unexplained infertility (UI), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are gynecological conditions frequently associated with inflammation and alterations in the endometrial microbiome. The presence of bacterial vaginosis-associated …
What are the unrecognized risk factors for recurrent implantation failure (RIF) as defined in the ESHRE recommendation?
Pelvic endometriosis is an estrogen-driven inflammatory syndrome of unknown origin that alters the peritoneal microenvironment and likely impairs endometrial receptivity, adversely affecting fertility. Chronic endometritis (CE) may be a potential …
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammatory condition of the endometrium characterized by abnormal infiltration of plasma cells into the endometrial stroma. Frequently associated with repeated implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy …
Both chronic endometritis and endometriosis are common entities in infertile patients. The association and the co-existence of these two entities are poorly evaluated. The aim of this systematic review and …
Abnormal female reproductive tract microbiota are associated with gynecological disorders such as endometriosis or chronic endometritis and may affect reproductive outcomes. However, the differential diagnostic utility of the vaginal or …