Female infertility is a multifactorial condition with complex biological and clinical underpinnings. Biologically, female-related infertility may stem from disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, impaired folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation defects, uterine …
The likelihood of a successful pregnancy is influenced by a set of variables that influence endometrial receptivity, including hormonal, genetic, metabolic, age, lifestyle, and immunological factors. Among these, the endometrial …
From an immunological perspective, infertility mechanisms encompass not only fertilization but also implantation, as well as both early and late pregnancy loss. Growing attention is being directed towards the influence …
The immunology of fertilization, implantation and pregnancy is based on a complex balance between maternal immune tolerance and a controlled inflammatory response. Adaptation of the maternal immune system is essential …
Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is associated with increased risks of infertility and miscarriage. Although the spontaneous miscarriage rate in women with endometriosis is higher …
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are widely used to address infertility; however, they are costly, associated with medical risks, and often yield suboptimal clinical outcomes. Natural Procreative Technology, also known as …
Monocytes, as essential components of the immune system, play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses throughout the menstrual cycle. Their cytokine secretion is integral to immune modulation, influencing processes …
The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue central to female reproductive function, undergoing nearly 500 cycles of proliferation, differentiation, shedding, and regeneration throughout a woman's reproductive life. This remarkable regenerative …
Many experimental and clinical studies published so far demonstrate that melatonin-produced mainly by the pineal gland located deep in the middle of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres, and …
Global fertility rates continue to decline despite advancements in assisted reproductive technologies, highlighting a significant gap in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying preconception physiology. In this commentary, we review …