The female reproductive system is a hormonally driven, immune-active, and structurally dynamic system in which estrogen signaling, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling interact to support essential reproductive processes. Cyclical …
Endometriosis (EMs) is characterized by chronic pelvic inflammation, but the etiology of this inflammation remains poorly understood. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whereby senescent cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, is a …
Melatonin has evolved from its classical role as a pineal-derived circadian regulator to a molecule increasingly recognized for its mitochondrial and cytoprotective functions. This review examines the molecular mechanisms and …
Endometriosis is a chronic, heterogenous disorder in which cyclical hemorrhage and repetitive repair generate ectopic implants that persist, recur, and drive pain and infertility; conventional frameworks emphasizing hormonal aberration and …
Endometriosis is associated with chronic pelvic pain, largely due to immune dysregulation within the peritoneal cavity. The activation status of peritoneal immune cells is not well understood, and comparisons with …
The survival of ectopic endometrial lesions in endometriosis critically depends on their ability to evade immune recognition and clearance by the host, a process known as immune evasion. Recent studies …
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by ectopic endometrial tissue, progressive fibrosis and chronic pain, with a pathogenesis that goes beyond oestrogen dependence. The central question this review seeks …
Endometriosis is sustained by ectopic endometrial implants that remain proliferative and vascularized, making endocrine modulation a cornerstone of therapy. Estetrol (E4) an endogenous estrogen produced during pregnancy, with selective tissue …
Postoperative recurrence remains a major obstacle to durable remission in patients with solid tumors, even after complete macroscopic resection. Growing evidence suggests that surgery creates a transient yet highly permissive …
Background: Endometriosis and lipedema are chronic female-predominant disorders characterized by persistent pain that is frequently disproportionate to anatomical lesion burden. Although traditionally interpreted within distinct lesion-centered frameworks, both conditions exhibit …