Peritoneal Incretin Deficiency and Tirzepatide as a Multi-Axis Adjuvant Hypothesis in Treatment-Refractory Endometriosis: A Mechanistic Framework Linking Metabolism, Immunity, Fibrosis, and Nociception.
Endometriosis is increasingly recognized as a chronic systemic disorder extending beyond the classical estrogen-dependent paradigm, integrating metabolic, immune, fibrotic, and nociceptive pathways that sustain lesion persistence and refractory pelvic pain. …
The Follicular Immune Checkpoint: PD-1/PD-L1 and Immune Tolerance in Oocyte Competence and IVF Failure.
Oocyte formation occurs successfully within a meticulously controlled follicular environment characterized by well-documented endocrine, metabolic, and paracrine signals. Yet, the immunological landscape of the follicle and its role in influencing …
Three-Dimensional Organoid-like Co-Culture of Human Endometrial Endothelial and Stromal Cells to Study Endometriosis-Associated Responses.
Three-dimensional (3D) endothelium-stromal co-cultures were established using human endometrial cells from biopsy of healthy women (n = 13) and serum samples from both healthy and endometriotic women (n = 5). …
Therapeutic Potential of Rosmarinus officinalis Extract on Endometriosis: Evidence from In Vitro Models.
Natural therapeutic alternatives are increasingly explored in endometriosis, a highly prevalent gynecological disorder with limited therapeutic options. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) has attracted increasing scientific interest due to its biological activity. …