Diseases of the female reproductive system are prevalent. These conditions often have a high proportion of asymptomatic patients and prolonged treatment durations. Estrogen, a crucial steroid hormone, plays a central …
Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is characterized by the infiltration of endometrial tissue into the pelvic organs, such as the rectovaginal septum, utero-ovarian, and uterosacral ligaments. Bowel involvement occurs in approximately …
Endocrine dysfunctions refer to alterations in hormone production, release, or regulation that can significantly impact health. In pregnant women or those planning pregnancy, these conditions may manifest as disorders such …
Dysmenorrhoea (period pain) is a global public health issue affecting up to 91% of the 1.8 billion individuals who menstruate. While research has emphasised the improvement of menstrual health in …
Endometriomas affect up to 44% of women with endometriosis and are associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and reduced ovarian reserve. Diagnosis and management are clinically challenging, requiring a nuanced …
The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway regulates cell metabolism, inflammation and the immune response. This signalling pathway is essential for maintaining reproductive homeostasis and influencing steroidogenesis, implantation, …
The urachus is a remnant fibrous cord of the allantois and the ventral aspect of the cloaca that connects the urinary bladder to the anterior abdominal wall at the level …
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometriotic tissue outside the uterus. Among the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, …
Oral cavity dysbiosis is associated with numerous inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and periodontal disease. Changes in the oral microenvironment lead to bidirectional interactions between pathogens and individual …
Certain obstetric and gynaecological diseases are associated with pleural effusion, including benign peripartum pleural effusion, endometriosis, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and Meigs syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed overview …