Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a well-established tumour marker primarily associated with pancreaticobiliary and gastrointestinal malignancies. Its elevation in benign gynaecological conditions, particularly in isolated ovarian endometriosis (OE) without malignancy, …
Identification and preservation of pelvic autonomic nerves is essential for preventing postoperative functional disorders during surgery for deep endometriosis (DE); however, nerve-sparing surgery in patients with severe fibrosis and cul-de-sac …
Salmonella-induced tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs) in patients with ovarian endometriomas and coexisting adenomyosis are rare and surgically challenging due to dense adhesions. We report a woman in her late 30s presenting …
Endometriosis may rarely present with atypical manifestations that closely mimic intra-abdominal malignancy or severe pelvic sepsis, resulting in significant diagnostic uncertainty. We present two contrasting cases of presumed severe endometriosis …
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disorder characterized by impaired surfactant clearance due to alveolar macrophage dysfunction. Leuprorelin acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, is widely used in the …
Ureteral endometriosis is a rare form of urinary tract endometriosis that may cause silent ureteral obstruction and irreversible renal damage. Mixed intrinsic and extrinsic ureteral involvement is uncommon, and right-sided …
Cervico-vaginal atresia is a rare entity, difficult to diagnose and treat, with a higher rate of complications. It is classified as type 1b mullerian anomaly per ASRM and subclass C4 …
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare condition characterized by histologically benign smooth muscle tumours arising at extrauterine sites, most commonly the lungs, in women with a history of uterine …
Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a rare condition classically associated with platinum-based chemotherapy for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. However, post-treatment findings following ovarian immature teratoma may represent a broader …