A 45-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department with acute right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain. Her past medical history was significant for heavy menstrual bleeding and moderate dysmenorrhea, though a …
Female health and the microbiota of the reproductive tract are closely associated. The research scope on reproductive tract microbiota extends from the vaginal to the upper reproductive tract and from …
Endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are gynecological conditions affecting women of reproductive age and causing pain symptoms. The symptoms caused by these conditions are similar; thus, the differential diagnosis …
The mainstay of treatment for endometriosis is hormonal therapy, which suppresses ovulation; therefore, patients cannot conceive during treatment. There is a dilemma with ovarian-sparing surgery, known as laparoscopic cystectomy, as …
Whipple disease is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. The classic form affects gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal systems; but other forms may damage the heart, brain, or …
Imbalances in gut and reproductive tract microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, disrupt normal immune function, leading to the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, compromised immunosurveillance and altered immune cell profiles, all …