Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynaecological condition in women of reproductive age. Approximately 90% of cases are primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) which is not associated with underlying pathology. Dysmenorrhea can have …
Endometrosis is a chronic degenerative condition of the mare endometrium characterized by progressive fibrosis and glandular alterations that impair uterine function and fertility. Its pathogenesis involves persistent inflammation, the activation …
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder frequently associated with infertility. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is involved in inflammatory pathways; however, the clinical relevance of serum TNF-α in relation to infertility …
The comorbidity between endometriosis and migraine has long been recognized clinically, yet a unifying pathophysiological explanation has remained elusive. Traditional models, centered on hormonal fluctuations or secondary inflammation are lacking …
Dysbiosis is the substitution of the normal gut flora with a dysfunctional array of organisms that influences the outcome of multiple inflammatory pathways, contributing to systemic inflammation and various disease …
Vitamin D a fat-soluble steroid hormone signals through Vitamin D Receptors (VDRs) located throughout the ovaries, uterus, placenta, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland, influencing immune regulation and female reproductive physiology. This …
Endometriosis is a prevalent estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory condition that affects millions of women of reproductive age worldwide. It is characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, …
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease associated with inflammation and severe pelvic pain in 6%-10% of women of reproductive age. Although the pathophysiology and management of endometriosis are currently understood, …
Endometriosis (EMs), a common and frequently occurring gynecological disease, is a major cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women. Its pathogenesis remains unclear to date, and it is …
The reproductive tract microbiome plays a pivotal role in female fertility, with Lactobacillus-dominated communities maintaining a protective, low-pH environment. Dysbiosis-characterized by a reduction in Lactobacillus species and overgrowth of anaerobes-is …