Female infertility and reproductive disorders represent a significant global health challenge, with complex etiologies often linked to impaired cellular communication, inflammation, and tissue dysfunction. Exosomes (EXOs), nanosized extracellular vesicles laden …
Sex-related differences influence key biological processes relevant to biomaterials research, including tissue regeneration, immune response, drug metabolism, and relevant diseases. Despite increasing recognition of sex as a critical biological variable, …
Menstrual blood (MB), a biofluid rich in diverse cell types and biomolecules, has emerged as a vital resource for investigating female reproductive health and diseases because of its unique composition …
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted more and more attention because of their multidirectional differentiation potential, immune regulatory abilities and self-renewal capacity. In recent years, their use has become prominent …
Endometriosis (EM) is an inflammatory condition in which the endometrium is observed to develop outside the uterine cavity. Endometrium has conventionally been recognized as a rich source of endometrial mesenchymal …