The human microbiome, a dynamic endocrine organ, exerts profound systemic influence through the production of bioactive metabolites. While the microbiome-gut-brain axis is well-established, the direct conduit between the gut microbiota …
Endometriosis is sustained by ectopic endometrial implants that remain proliferative and vascularized, making endocrine modulation a cornerstone of therapy. Estetrol (E4) an endogenous estrogen produced during pregnancy, with selective tissue …
Background: Endometriosis and lipedema are chronic female-predominant disorders characterized by persistent pain that is frequently disproportionate to anatomical lesion burden. Although traditionally interpreted within distinct lesion-centered frameworks, both conditions exhibit …
The "gut microbiota-mitochondria axis" has become the core hub connecting the metabolism, immunity, and endocrine regulation of gynecological diseases. In this review, the hierarchical regulation mechanism of this axis is …
Human fertility has declined sharply since 1950, and a growing body of evidence suggests that while conventional socioeconomic factors are well-established drivers of the broader demographic transition, they do not …
Oocyte formation occurs successfully within a meticulously controlled follicular environment characterized by well-documented endocrine, metabolic, and paracrine signals. Yet, the immunological landscape of the follicle and its role in influencing …
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder that may be influenced by bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly found in food-contact plastics. BPA has been implicated in altered steroidogenesis, immune …
The gut microbiota plays a crucial function in reproductive well-being and is vital for maintaining fundamental physiological balance. This article surveys the mutual relationships between the gut flora and the …
The appendix is involved in a diverse spectrum of inflammatory, infectious, benign, and malignant conditions that extend far beyond acute appendicitis. Although acute appendicitis remains the most common appendiceal emergency, …
White adipose tissue is now recognized as an active endocrine organ that secretes numerous bioactive molecules known as adipokines. These proteins regulate essential physiological processes, including energy metabolism, inflammation, and …